Conductive Indium tin oxide (ITO) is one-side deposited onto polished soda lime glass slides by a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. A SiO₂ barrier layer is deposited between the ITO and glass. Among transparent conductive oxides, ITO is most widely used due to its superior conductivity and transparency, stability and ease of patterning to form transparent circuitry.

ITO coated glass is commonly used in various display technologies as well as in a number of touch screen technologies. Other applications of this functional and versatile material include electrochemical devices, EMI shielding, antistatic coatings, aircraft windshields, solar cells, and defrosting glass for freezers. ITO glass can also be used as an infrared (IR) reflecting coating to reflect heat energy as in low-E glass.